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About the Flexbook
The CK-12 foundation defines a flexbook as a “free and open source textbook platform where one can build and edit collaborative textbooks1.” The FNDH 400 (formerly the HN 400 flexbook, department...
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Nutrition Basics
The field of nutrition is dynamic. This means that our understanding and practices are constantly changing and being updated. Some of nutrition’s dynamic nature may be due to the fact that nutrition,...
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Energy-Yielding Macronutrients
2 Energy As you have learned, there are three energy-yielding macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This chapter goes more in depth about these major dietary components. Sections: 2.1...
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Macronutrient Digestion
You probably do not think too much about what actually happens to the food you eat. This section will describe in depth how what you eat is digested. The desired end result for the learner will be an...
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Macronutrient Uptake, Absorption & Transport
The term absorption can have a number of different meanings. Not everything that is taken up into the enterocyte from the lumen will be absorbed, so the term uptake refers to compounds being...
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Common Digestive Problems
Before moving to metabolism, we are going learn about some common digestive problems. Sections: 5.1 Peptic Ulcers 5.2 Gallstones 5.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 5.4 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 5.5 Celiac...
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Macronutrient & Alcohol Metabolism
Now that we have digested, taken up, absorbed, and transported the macronutrients, the next step is to learn how these macronutrients are metabolized. Alcohol is also included at the end of this...
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Integration of Macronutrient & Alcohol Metabolism
Understanding the different metabolic pathways is an important step. However, an integrated understanding of the interconnectedness and tissue specificity of metabolism is where this knowledge really...
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Micronutrients Overview & Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Micronutrients consist of vitamins and minerals. In this chapter, an overview of vitamins and minerals will be presented followed by a description of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs), which are...
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Antioxidant Micronutrients
This chapter will describe what antioxidants are and then discuss the three major antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium. 9.1 Antioxidants 9.2 Vitamin E 9.3 Vitamin C 9.4...
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Macronutrient Metabolism Micronutrients
The macronutrient metabolism vitamins and minerals are: Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic Acid Vitamin B6 Biotin Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Iodine Manganese Magnesium All but three of these will be...
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One-Carbon Metabolism Micronutrients
Three B vitamins are involved in what is known as 1-carbon metabolism. This is the movement of 1 carbon units, generally methyl groups (CH3). It is similar to the movement of the amino group that...
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Blood, Bones & Teeth Micronutrients
This chapter is a collection of vitamins and minerals that are involved in the structure or function of blood, bones and teeth. The individual sections are: 12.1 Vitamin D 12.2 Calcium 12.3 Phosphorus...
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Electrolyte Micronutrients
In this chapter, electrolytes will be explained before learning more about the 4 electrolyte micronutrients. Then, hypertension will be discussed, along with the impact of these micronutrients on the...
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